Life Science Review

Name ______________________________________________ Period __________

Life Science Review 2016-2017

Resources that say CK12—copy and paste this link and then go to the appropriate section

https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/

Decomposers Predation Producers Bioaccumulation Pesticide Consumer Scavengers Biotic

Abiotic Ecosystem Niche Habitat

Carrying Capacity Limiting Factors Population Competition

	Non-living things in an ecosystem such as air, water, and gravel.
	Living organisms in an ecosystem.
	Living organisms interacting with their non-living environment.
	Group of organisms of the same species (type).
	Organisms, usually plants, that can make their own food.
	The function (job) an organism does in an ecosystem.
	The place where an organism lives in an ecosystem.
	Organisms, for example vultures and maggots, that feed on dead organisms.
	Organisms, for example bacteria and fungi, that break down dead material back into soil.
	When a substance introduced into a food chain becomes more and more concentrated in the upper links of the chain mercury
	A chemical used by humans to kill unwanted animals or plants.
	An organism that cannot make its own food.
	One animal eating another. For example a hawk eating a mouse.
	Organisms competing for available resources such as water, light, food, mates etc.
	Factors that restrict the growth and size of populations.
	The size of a population an ecosystem can support given available resources.

Symbiotic Relationships see the first part CK12 12.9

Parasite Host Mutualism Symbiosis Parasitism

	A relationship where an organism lives on, in, or near another organism.
	A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
	An organism that lives on or in another organism.
	An organism that provides a place to live for another organism.
	A relationship between two organisms where both benefit.

Cells CK12 Section 2.2 and CK12 Section 2.5 and Plants CK12 Section 2.6

Cell Wall Nucleus Mitochondria Organelles Mitosis Chloroplast Chlorophyll Unicellular Cytoplasm Multicellular

Prokaryote Eukaryote Cell Membrane

	Organisms that consist of ONE cell.
	Organisms that consist of MANY cells.
	Living material outside the nucleus of the cell.
	Cells with no organized nucleus, usually very small in size.
	Cells with a well organized nucleus.
	Structures found inside a cell—“little organs”
	A green chemical that can capture light energy.
	The outside, rigid, non-living layer of a plant cell.
	The flexible layer that surrounds all cells and controls what enters and leave the cell.
	The place where food (glucose) is made inside a plant cell; contains chlorophyll.
	Cell structure that contains DNA and directs all the activities of the cell.
	Rod-shaped structure where glucose (sugar) is broken down to release energy for cell activities.
	Part of cell division, it is the duplication and division of the nucleus and chromosomes. mitosis steps mitosis movie

List the differences between plant and animal cells:

Processes

Fermentation Excretion Photosynthesis Cell Respiration

	Glucose combining with oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
	Carbon dioxide combining with water to produce glucose and releasing oxygen. (requires chlorophyll)
	A process of breaking down glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide. (Yeast, and other cells when oxygen is not available)
	The process of water being pulled up through a plant from the roots and out through openings (stomata) in the leaves.
	The process by which animals and eliminate waste products.

Reproduction (PDF OMM 113-115)

Sexual Reproduction Budding Cloning Asexual Reproduction

Fragmentation Zygote Regeneration

	This process produced Dolly the sheep in Scotland.
	A new organism being produced from ONE parent. It is genetically identical to the parent.
	A new organism being produced by TWO parents.
	The process by which some organisms (earthworms, star fish) can produce new body parts.
	Formed when a sperm cell and an egg cell unite.
	The process of an organism being broken into pieces.
	Some organisms (yeast, jellyfish) produce a small growth that then breaks off to form a new organism.

Genetics (PDF OMM 226-232)

Mendel Watson and Crick Human Genome Project

An Austrian Monk who is often called the “Father of Genetics” (1860’s)

Described the structure of DNA (1953). Watson and Crick

Identifying the genetic structure of human chromosomes (1990’s). Human Genome Project

A. How might the environment affect how an organism’s development? Hydrangea Color

B. Complete the following Punnett Square: Punnett Square

In the peas that Mendel studied tall (T) was dominant to short (t) for plant height. In a cross between a hydrid tall plant and a short plant what percent of the offspring would you expect to be short?

A. 0 %

B. 25 %

C. 50 %

D. 100 %

Evolution CK12 Section 4.1

Darwin Natural Selection Evolution Mutation

	Change in genes or chromosomes (DNA) that may cause a new trait to be inherited.
	Survival and reproduction of those organisms that are best adapted to their environment.
	A change in a species over time.
	A British naturalist who observed finches on the Galapagos Islands and developed the theory of Natural Selection.

Body Systems—CK12 Section 11.1 scroll down to the table

Digestive Respiratory Circulatory Skeletal

Muscular Immune Endocrine Nervous

Reproductive

	Provides support for the body, protects delicate internal organs and to provides attachment sites for the organs.
	Provides movement for the body.
	Transports nutrients, gases (such as oxygen and CO₂), hormones and wastes through the body
	Relays *electrical* signals through the body. Directs behavior and movement and controls physiological processes such as digestion, circulation, etc.
	Provides gas exchange between the blood and the environment.
	Breaks down and absorbs nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintenance.
	Filters out cellular wastes, toxins and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system.
	Relays *chemical* messages through the body.
	Manufacture cells that allow production of a new individual.
	Destroys and removes invading microbes and viruses from the body.

Scenario: What body systems are most affected when you start to exercise? How are they affected?